Basic English Curriculum for Teaching ESL

The following grammar points will provide students with a solid base to build their English speaking and comprehension skills. Specific points are included in notes for the various grammar points. Grammar These are important grammar objectives for basic English courses. Present simple/present continuous (present progressive): Contrast between habits and temporary actions.Past simplePast continuous: Focus on use with the past simple to describe interrupted actions in the past.Present perfect: Focus on the use of present perfect for unfinished time—i.e. the duration form. Focus should also include adverbs commonly used with the present perfect, such as since, for, just, already, and yet.Future with will: Contrast this form with future intentions form—i.e. future with going to.Future with going to: Contrast this form with future predictions form—i.e. future with will.Present continuous (present progressive): Use for future intentions and plans, discuss similarities to future with going to.First conditional (real conditional): Used for probable or realistic situations.Modal verbs of deduction: Use of must be, might be, and cant be in the present.Some or any: Call to attention the irregular use of some in requests and offers.Quantifi ers: too, enough, a lot of, a few, much, many (in question and negative forms), and others.Prepositions of place: in front of, opposite, behind, between, across, and other terms.Prepositions of movement: straight on, on your right, past the house, into, out of, and other prepositionsCommon phrasal verbs: get on with, look after, fed up with, put off, make up, and other verbs.Verb and gerund: like doing, enjoy doing, go swimming, etc.Verb and infinitive: hope to do, want to do, manage to do, and other examples.Basic verb and preposition combinations: listen to, arrive at, go through, and other combinations.Comparatives and superlatives: taller than, more beautiful than, as tall as, happier than, the tallest, the most difficult, etc. Listening Skills Listening skills should include the ability to understand and act on basic information in the following situations: Personal information: name, address, telephone number, nationality, etc.Telling timeNumbers: cardinal and ordinalSimple directions and prepositions of placeSpellingSimple descriptions of people and places Vocabulary These are some topics and categories of vocabulary that are important to learn at the beginner stages: Descriptions of people, such as looks, character, and familyFood, drink, and restaurantsLikes and dislikesHome, rooms, furnitureTown and countryShops and shoppingWeatherTime, the seasons, months, weeks, days, and related termsFilms and televisionLeisure and interestsHolidays, travel, and hotels Language Functions Language functions concern chunks of language which provide essential phrases for everyday use. Introductions and Greetings: How do you do?Pleased to meet you.How are you? Asking for Information: How do you spell ____?How do you pronounce?Where is the nearest bank?What does X mean? Offering: Can I help you?Would you like some ____? Requesting: May I have a coffee?Could you help me? Inviting: Would you like to come with me? Suggesting: Shall we go out this evening?Lets have some lunch.Why dont we play some tennis? Asking for Descriptions: What is he like?What does it look like? Buying and Selling: Which size are you?How much does it cost? Asking for Directions: Excuse me, where is the train station?Where is the nearest bank? Giving Advice: You should see a doctor.I think he should work harder.

The Second Amendment Of United Nations Constitution

1. Fourth Amendment: Under the fourth amendment of United Nations constitution the people have a right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures. Warrants would not be issued, unless based on a cause and supported by an oath or affirmation with detailed description of the place to be searched and the things or persons to be seized. The aim of this amendment is to protect the right to privacy of the people and freedom of intrusions from government. Any private intrusions not acting under governmental authority are exempted from this amendment. Protection under fourth amendment can only be waived if the person voluntarily allows or does object the evidence collected during a search or seizure without a warrant. Under the fourth amendment a search occurs when a government agent or employee violates an individual’s expectation of privacy. Given a justified cause and conducted in a reasonable manner strip searches and body cavity searches constitute reasonable search under fourth amendment. For a seizure of a person the following two elements must be present. First the police officer must show an authority like presence of handcuffs, weapons or use of forceful language. Second, the person who is being seized must surrender to the authority. An arrest warrant may not be required to make a lawful arrest under this amendment. It may be later justified with a probable cause. Causes like the police officer has aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Framers View of the Constitution1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferently. It has been our desire since the infancy of our nation to create the most uniquely successful geographical brotherhood that had ever been witnessed. This began with the â€Å"city on a hill†, was fueled by the American Revolution, but was culminated by the United States Constitution. 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Americas vietnam war Free Essays

Vietnam War, which is also referred to as the second Indochina war was one of the longest and most controversial wars of the 20th century.   The war resulted from the ideological differences which arose after the end of the second war and was instigated by the desire between the America and her allies and the Communist block to curtail the growing influence of the other.   The war occurred largely in Vietnam specifically in Laos and Cambodia from 1955 which was just a decade after the end of the Second World War. We will write a custom essay sample on Americas vietnam war or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like other nations in the regions, Vietnam found herself divided between two sides serving opposing interest of communist and United States.   North Vietnam was supported by communist allies, largely Soviet Union and China, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States which was advocating for growth of democratic governments in the regions. South Vietnam also enjoyed support from other nations who were members of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.   However, the whole war was a protracted struggle between United States and Soviet Union to assume superpower status in the world after the end of the Second World War. [1]The Vietnam War has been described as longest military conflict that United States has every engaged in.   The continued hostilities in Laos and Cambodia led to loss of more than 58,000 American soldiers and civilians serving in the war.   It is also estimated that more than 304,000 were wounded in the course of the war. Up to the end of the war in 1975, Vietnam War had attracted a lot of criticism from not only from American civilians but also leaders in the whole world.   In other word, it was described as a war without a cause and with no justification rather than fulfilling the ego of being the leading nation in the world, which was at the expense Vietnamese and Americans. Vietnam War goes down in history books as one of the humiliating wars that United States had ever engaged in. Despite her military powers, united state lost the war terribly leading to eventual withdrawal from the war in 1975.   [2] The Vietcong, who were slightly armed communist insurgents waged a successful guerilla war using unconventional military tactics and eventually defeated the South Vietnamese Army which was supported by United States and used conventional war and military equipments. The   South Vietnam soldiers allied with the United States forces used superior air strikes to conduct search and destroy tactics which were supported by ground forces, artillery strikes and reinforced with air strikes.   Despite this superiority, United States and the South Vietnam lost the war terribly to the slightly armed communist insurgents. The cause and the reasons why United States lost the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate since then.   Despite deploying its military advisors and combat units, United States could not cope with the insurgence and military tactics that were used by the Vietcong. [3] In the course of the war, Viet Cong suffered a lot of tactical setbacks and lack of military advisors further aggravated their situation.   The main question therefore remains, how did the Viet Cong war strategy give them victory over their enemies despite suffering a number of setbacks? This paper will discuss the Vietnam War specifically   Ã‚  trying to answer the above question. However, the paper will first have an overview of the Vietnam war   looking into how the united states entered the war, the military deployment and how United States forces reinforced South Vietnam forces. Finally the paper will look at the war strategies used during the war and the reason why Vietcong eventually triumphed despite lack of proper military equipments and use of unconventional military strategies. Overview of Vietnam War [4]The genesis of the Vietnam War can be traced to the anti-colonial war that was waged against France.   Famously regarded as the first Indochina war, the first Vietnam War eventually culminated to the second Indochina war which attracted the attention of the United States and other anti-communist allies in the world.   After a long Vietnamese struggle that was led by Ho Chin Minh, France was eventually forced to leave Vietnam after more than one hundred years of colonial rule. Communist insurgent forces, which were commanded by General Vo Nguyen Giap eventually defeated French forces in the battle at Dien Bien Phu.   This has been considered as a decisive battle since it convinced France that she could not hold for long in the country and Paris responded by suing for peace. [5]This led to the signing of Geneva Peace Accord in 1954 between France and Vietnam. However, France left Vietnam more divided than she had found the country. In the course of their struggle against France, Vietnam was supported by Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China  Ã‚   which had been very keen in spreading the communist influence in the region.   Soon after the end of the Second World War, a protracted struggle had ensued between United States and Soviet Union  Ã‚   based on their ideological difference. Like the Europe   scramble for colonization, the end of the Second World War   led to emergence of another   scramble for ideological colonization. The two ideologies were communist governance championed by Soviet Union, and democratic governance championed by United States.   Vietnam was not immune from this scramble and the country came under influence of the two sides. [6]The Vietnam delegates who went to negotiate for the peace accord with France in Geneva found themselves torn between the two ideological sides.   As a result, the Geneva Accord was awkward negotiated and eventually led to the division of the country into to military zones. For the sake of signing of the peace accord, the delegates in Geneva agreed for the temporally partitioning of the country at the Seventh Parallel which led to emergence of South Korea under the influence of United States and North Korea under the influence of Moscow and her communist allies, mainly China. The communist bloc did not want to engage in another war with the West in the face of ensuing Korean War and they believed that through political influence, they would soon take over South Vietnam without much struggle. [1] Bell, Philip. â€Å"Remembering Vietnam† Current Affairs Bulletin, Vol. 65, no. 2 (July, 2002): 14 [2] Rand, Corp. Insurgent Organization and Operations: A Case Study of the Viet Cong in the Delta, 1964-1966. (Santa Monica, 1997), 12 [3] Michael, Lanning and Dan, Cragg. Inside the VC and the NVA. (Ballantine Books, 1993), 92 [4] Stanley, Karnow. â€Å"Vietnam: A History†. (Viking Press, 1983), 54 [5] Rand, Corp. Insurgent Organization and Operations: A Case Study of the Viet Cong in the Delta, 1964-1966. (Santa Monica, 1997), 53 [6] Michael, Lanning and Dan Cragg. Inside the VC and the NVA. (Ballantine Books, 1993), 35 How to cite Americas vietnam war, Papers